Making It Read Well

I frequently watched “A Chef’s Life,” a PBS reality show/documentary series about Southern chef Vivian Howard that aired from 2013 to 2018, even though a lot of her cooking didn’t appeal to me. A bland Midwestern vegetarian, I’m not into pork bellies and hot spices. I neither cook nor eat okra. (“If the South had a mascot,” Howard says, “it would be okra.”) But a slaw of charred cabbage, crisp apples, and red onions was a salad I could get excited about, and Howard’s blueberry cobbler could satisfy my sweet tooth just by watching her prepare it.

More interesting than the cooking, to me, was Vivian herself. Sometimes she seemed whiny, complaining about things over which it seemed she actually had some control. Always stressed, guilty, and exhausted, she was running two restaurants, raising twins, building a new house, writing a cookbook, and putting on cooking events in far-flung places. “Gosh, Vivian,” I would think. “Say no to something.” But then I’m not an entrepreneur, not the mother of twins, not the star of a tv show. If her neurotic drive occasionally made her less appealing as a person, they made her a more interesting protagonist of a tv show.

I liked her best when she was visiting a neighbor or relative, like Ms Lillie Hardy, to learn how to make a traditional dish. Then she was respectful, funny, and attentive, asking questions even if they seemed dumb. She credited these traditional cooks with her subsequent chef-ly creations, served to the well-heeled patrons of her restaurants. Her establishments and her show, by all accounts, have invigorated her small town in North Carolina.

Ultimately, it was Vivian Howard’s true ambition, revealed in her cookbooks, that grabbed me: what she always wanted was to be a writer. Her first cookbook Deep Run Roots: Stories and Recipes from My Corner of the South made this ambition real. I don’t generally buy cookbooks, but I enjoyed perusing this one and eventually bought it as a gift for my son-in-law, also a Southern cook. Each chapter included essays, not merely recipes, on the history of the dishes she presented, written with wit and emotion and illustrated with beautiful photographs. You can find some of her recipes linked here in the Washington Post review of the book.

Her new book This Will Make It Taste Good, which I just checked out of the library, shows off her writing flair in a different way. Here she provides ten sauces or condiments that she calls “flavor heroes.” They can be added to dozens of recipes, including dips, vegetables, chicken, and other dishes, to make them, as she says, taste good. Her trademark wit and blunt opinions make this book fun to read, even if you never attempt a recipe. Consider this paragraph on baked beans, which she recommends preparing from scratch instead of pouring from a can.

If you go to the miniscule trouble of baking beans uncovered in an actual oven, you’ll notice the step creates a variation of textures that makes them more showstopper than afterthought. The beans on top dehydrate and caramelize with the help of the sugars in the sauce. They form a crust for the creamy, porky, sweet beans underneath. They’re equally as addictive at room temperature as they are piping hot out of the oven, maybe even more so. That makes them an ideal choice for cookouts that call you to the yard, not the kitchen. Perhaps that’s why baked beans became a thing in the first place.

She ends the recipe’s introduction by slyly asking, “Dare I say we need to make baked beans great again?”

Maybe I’ll try one of her recipes over the weekend and share my experience on Monday. Or maybe I’ll just keep reading.

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Valete! (Be Strong, Y’All!)

Photo by Hakan Nural on Unsplash

Dr. Anthony Fauci recently appeared on the Late Show with Stephen Colbert. To tout the new Covid booster, the two men strolled to a nearby Walgreens, where Dr. F. took one for the team. In his left arm, that is.

He referred to this new shot as bivalent. You probably know that this vaccine targets both the old Covid variant and the more recent omicron version, hence the bi-.  But did you know that -valent derives from the Latin verb valeo, which means “be well” and “be strong”? The new vaccine is being strong twice.

If you want your little girl to be powerful, you could name her Valeria, or the more common modern variant Valerie. Her brother could be Valerius. These names would make them valiant, no question. Valid, validation, and valor belong to the same word family.

In chemistry, valence refers to the power of atoms to combine. In ordinary discourse, this word means “power” or “ability,” as in, “The conclusion of Casablanca possesses an overpowering emotional valence.”

Ambivalence feels weak, not powerful, but the word denotes powerful feelings on both sides of an issue. I hate when that happens. Its cousin equivalence means equal power. There are also prevalence, polyvalence, convalescence, and more!

We might think that valedictorian must have something to do with a high grade point average, but a closer look reveals that this high-achiever’s honor is to say (dico) goodbye. Vale in Latin means, literally, “farewell.” It’s a command: Be strong. (How should I fare? Well!) The phrase ave atque vale translates “hail and goodbye” or more loosely “I salute you and goodbye.” The English poet Algernon Swinburne titled his tribute to Charles Baudelaire with this phrase. The last stanza begins, “For thee, O now a silent soul, my brother,/Take at my hands this garland, and farewell.” Vale (pronounced wall-ay) says goodbye to one person. Valete (wall-ay-tay), as in the title above, says goodbye to a bunch of people.

The moral of these etymologies is to go get your booster, before Covid makes a fall comeback. Don’t be ambivalent. The shot’s bivalence will make you stronger.

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Feed a Cold?

Photo by Monika Grabkowska on Unsplash

It’s hard to write about food (Monday Meals!) when you’ve been sick and nothing is appealing. I’ve been suffering a nasty cold since Thursday evening. I feel a little better every day, but my appetite hasn’t yet returned.

I have wanted juice and fruit. We have some especially large, crisp grapes that I’ve been enjoying, as well as some blueberries. Ate some salad for dinner. I don’t eat meat, so chicken soup is out, but I enjoyed some sweet potato curry soup from my favorite place for lunch.

The Internet tells me I should have been consuming garlic, coconut water, and hot tea—presumably not all at once. It’s a little late now. I should have looked at the website earlier, but then I would have had to go to the store for coconut water. And I did not feel up to going to the store.

What do you recommend for sick friends? What do you find appetizing and comforting when you’re sick?

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The Great Green Room

Photo by Andrés Gómez on Unsplash

If you haven’t read Elizabeth Egan’s lovely essay about Goodnight Moon from last month in the New York Times, do that before you continue reading here. “The Enduring Wisdom of ‘Goodnight Moon’” celebrates the 75th anniversary of this classic children’s book by Margaret Wise Brown so eloquently and perfectly that I can’t do it justice by summarizing it. The essay manages to be deeply moving and funny at the same time.

My husband liked the essay, too. With no criticism of Egan implied, he commented that she didn’t mention the sound of the book, how fun it is to read aloud because of its rhythm and rhyme. His comment reminded me of what I learned back when I was reading books to our own kids—that some books are a lot more fun to read aloud than others.

(A quick shout-out here to Clement Hurd’s perfect Goodnight Moon illustrations, but I’m writing about sound here.)

I never tired of rereading The Wizard of Oz by Frank Baum to my kids, and I gained a new appreciation for my favorite book, E.B. White’s Charlotte’s Web, from our many nighttime readings of it, curled up on a warm bed. Because these books are so well written, because their authors probably read their sentences out loud to make sure they sounded right, the words flow smoothly. Reading them aloud is easy and pleasurable.

Kids should read or listen to any books they enjoy, so I’m casting no shade on my kids or the Berenstain Bears or the tattered Scrooge McDuck book I read countless times. Kids love particular books for mysterious reasons, and they often want to hear them repeatedly. I bear no grudges toward Thomas J. Dygard, whose little novel The Rookie Arrives I forced my way through because my son liked it. (In the top of the second inning, the Orioles brought down the roof on the Royals’ big right-hander, Rollie Barnes. Rollie couldn’t get the ball past the Orioles’ hitters. And so on.)

But if you must read something dozens, or perhaps hundreds of times, beautiful sounds can ease your way. You can’t really improve on “Goodnight comb and goodnight brush. Goodnight nobody. Goodnight mush. And goodnight to the old lady whispering ‘hush.’ Goodnight stars. Goodnight air. Goodnight noises everywhere.”

I spent a fair amount of time last weekend reading Goodnight Moon to my toddler grandchildren, while their parents were out of town. Before nap time and again at bedtime, they cuddled with me, one on my lap, one sitting to my side, rapt, quietly pointing out the kittens with whispered “meows” and gesturing to the cow, because they know how to say the word cow. At nineteen months they’re rarely still and rarely quiet, but they sat mesmerized by Goodnight Moon, over and over and over again.

Thanks to Jewel for drawing the Egan essay to my attention.

I’d love to hear your thoughts about this book or any other.

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“Camera” Redux

You might remember our Wednesday Word camera from a few weeks ago. Reader Fran recently took an entirely unnecessary trip to England — a frivolous jaunt with “friends,” not including me — and ran across an Oxford edifice named the Radcliffe Camera.

Photo by Metin Ozer on Unsplash

As you’ll recall, the Latin root camera means “room” or “chamber.” The Radcliffe Camera is a former library, now a reading room, referred to by irreverent students as the Rad Cam. Wikipedia describes it this way: “The Radcliffe Camera’s circularity, its position in the heart of Oxford, and its separation from other buildings make it the focal point of the University of Oxford.” This camera takes no photos but is a big room, reflecting the word’s Latin root.

In 1714, a physician named John Radcliffe left 40,000 pounds for the building’s construction in his will. Radcliffe was a member of Parliament and, for a time, physician to King William III. He was also a rich guy. The library that took his name was finished in 1749.

Thanks for the heads up, Fran. Next time, take me.

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How to Spend Your Retirement

I didn’t know when I got up this morning that I would be writing about T. S. Eliot’s poem “The Wasteland” this afternoon. Who knew I would ever write anything about “The Wasteland”? Not I.

I haven’t read the entire poem since sometime in the 1970s. But there comes this week’s New Yorker in the mail with a long article by Anthony Lane about the poem’s 100th anniversary. Before you know it, I have pulled my old Norton Anthology off the shelf, complete with my 70s-era scribblings in the margins, which appear like reverberations of thunder of spring over distant mountains. (Not really.) Soon I’ve turned on YouTube and listened to Alec Guinness read the whole damn poem. Twenty-six minutes. That’s how long the reading is.

I tried T.S. Eliot’s YouTube reading first but could not handle it. The guy was born in Missouri and didn’t move to London until he was almost thirty, but still his overripe English accent makes Guinness sound almost American. I also sampled Bob Dylan’s reading, which Lane alludes to. Weirdly awkward, it’s fortunately only about fifteen lines long.

Eliot died only a few years before I graduated from high school. He was Modern Poetry. In my Norton Anthology, “The Wasteland” begins on page 1781, less than two hundred pages before the volume’s end. Eliot would be, in other words, one of the most recent writers we’d encounter in a survey course. That his most famous poem is turning 100 reminds me uncomfortably of my age.

Eliot, I was given to understand, was cryptic, complicated, abstruse. What he wasn’t was funny. It never occurred to me that he was funny, until I read Anthony Lane’s essay. In Guinness’s reading, you get that. Guinness performs all the accents and voices effortlessly, virtuosically. In my memory, Eliot was a profound puzzle to be decoded. He was a sibyl himself, like the Sibyl in his poem, revealing the desolate dryness of modern life. Who knew he was funny as well?

In all our analyses and reading of Eliot’s notes and Norton’s notes and recondite allusions to The Golden Bough, I can remember only one professor telling us to just read the poem. (Hearing it is even better.) She told us that she had once shared “The Wasteland” with her mother, who had never taken a college English course and had never heard of T.S. Eliot. Her mother said it was a poem about feelings of sadness and emptiness. Right, the professor said. My mother is right.

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Animalia: Some Words That Derive from Animal Names

Photo by Hans-Jurgen Mager on Unsplash

The Canary Islands, one would imagine, were overrun with canaries. But, no, they were overrun with wild dogs, or canes in Latin. The birds were named for the islands.

Capricious comes from the Italian word for “goat”: capro. A Roman goat was a caper. Goats are often playful and somewhat unpredictable. They can be capricious. In certain moods, they can cut capers, another derivative.

A burrito is literally a little donkey, from burricus, a small horse in Latin. I suppose because of its shape.

Vaccine comes from the Latin word for “cow,” vacca, because the vaccine for smallpox came from the pus of cowpox lesions.

The Latin word avis, which means “bird,” gave us aviator, aviation, and aviatrix, and other flying words.

A Greek bear was an arktos. The English derivative arctic refers not to the polar bear but to the Great Bear constellation, called Ursa Major in Latin, and long referred to the northern sky before it applied to the terrestrial north.

Ursa gives us ursine, meaning “bear-like,” like the creature in the photo above. A person might also be ursine — big, hairy, and lumbering. Can you think of a good example?

Many other –ine words derive from Roman animals: ovine, porcine, cervine, equine, canine, feline, leonine, asinine, aquiline, lupine, and corvine, for example. Guess what animals these words refer to, and see below* for the answers.  

Finally, animal itself derives from the Latin anima, the word for breath, life, or spirit. Animals are living beings. To animate is to bring something to life. Like Mickey Mouse. Or Goofy.

*In order, sheeplike, piglike, deerlike, horse-like, doglike, catlike, lion-like, ass-like, eagle-like, wolflike, and crow-like. 

How-dja do?

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Fall Cookies

The story of Proserpina, her mother Ceres, and the god Pluto is my favorite myth. Many of you know it. Proserpina (Persephone in Greek), while frolicking in the fields with other maidens, was snatched away to Hades (or by Hades, in Greek) by the god Pluto. Ceres (Demeter in Greek), goddess of agriculture, searched for her daughter desperately, walking off the job and leaving the crops to languish. Eventually, Jupiter brokered a deal: Proserpina would spend half the year with her mom, and half with her “husband” Pluto in the underworld. Ceres, to this day, happily attends to her divine duties from the spring to the fall, and, grieving her daughter’s absence, languishes in the fall and winter, causing the grass to wither and the leaves to fall. Thus we have the seasons of the year.

In Northeast Ohio, Proserpina rushed off in a hurry this year. We went from temperatures in the eighties to rainy days in the fifties and sixties right around the equinox on September 22 or so. Pluto wasted no time.

Even a week ago, I would not have thought of baking these pumpkin cookies, but all of a sudden they seem like just the right thing. My writing group met at my house last evening, huddling on my cold, wet porch, and I served these along with some hot cider and tea.

They are not literally pumpkin cookies; they are sugar cookies shaped and frosted like pumpkins. Aside from being a fall specialty, the recipe is sentimental. I inherited it from my mother-in-law, who received it from her mother. It is the only recipe I’m not allowed to share. I don’t know what would happen to me if I slipped and passed it along, but it would be bad. Maybe Pluto would carry me off to his gloomy domain. Don’t even ask me.

(I know, it’s Tuesday, and food posts are supposed to appear on Mondays. But on Monday I was baking the cookies.)

Are you ready for cold-weather comfort food? What favorite fall dishes or recipes are you looking forward to?

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Horses, Dogs, and People

I have in mind a particular genre of non-fiction. I don’t know if it’s already a category, or if I’m making it up. The Ride of Her Life: The True Story of a Woman, Her Horse, and Their Last-Chance Journey across America, the book by Elizabeth Letts I just finished reading, is an example.

I’m thinking of recent popular books about particular people and events which the author uses to illuminate some part of American history. The focus starts small, on a not necessarily famous person, animal, or event, and then broadens its scope to American culture at large.

Susan Orlean’s Rin Tin Tin: The Life and the Legend (2011) tells you everything you didn’t know about the famous canine movie and TV star, actually played by more than one dog over the decades, like Lassie. But Orlean goes further: The Alaska Dispatch called the book “an excellent piece of cultural history.” You learn about Hollywood and movie stardom, about the many jobs dogs can do, and about the status of pets in American households, among other things.

In The Library Book, written seven years later, Orlean makes the 1968 fire at the Los Angeles Central Library her jumping-off point to chronicle the history of public libraries. Eccentric and vivid characters people the book. Orlean, by the way, grew up in Shaker Heights, where she developed her profound affection for libraries.

Seabiscuit (2001) by Laura Hillenbrand shows how a ramshackle hoopty of a horse became the most famous celebrity in America during the 1930s. Seabiscuit didn’t look like a sleek and elegant thoroughbred, but he was fast and plucky. His owners and trainers were eccentric and fascinating as well. Fame, American media, and hucksterism are Hillenbrand’s larger subjects.

A horse again takes (almost) center stage in Letts’s new book. Annie Wilkins, sixty-three years old in 1954, abandoned her farm and her tax debt, and set out to ride her horse Tarzan across the United States. She aspired to fulfill her mother’s dream of seeing the Pacific Ocean before dying. Her dog Depeche Toi (French for “hurry up”—is that a great name for a dog, or what?) and, a little later, a second horse, named Rex, kept her company. Wilkins became a celebrity, greeted in the small towns she passed through by enterprising newspaper reporters and Chamber of Commerce grandees. Letts recounts the development of highways, the decline of small towns and small farms, and the birth of TV. (Annie eventually appeared on Art Linkletter’s show.)

I enjoyed all these books. I like dogs, horses, and libraries, so keep that in mind if you’re considering following my recommendation.

Is this a genre? Have you read these or other examples? I’d love to know.

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Days, Diets, and Divinities

Thursday of this week marks the autumnal equinox. Autumnus in Latin word names the fall season we’re about to enter. Equinox combines two Latin words: the adjective aequus, which means “equal,” and the noun nox, which means “night.” As you know, this day is one of two during the year when the day, that is, sunrise to sunset, is of the same duration as the night, that is, sunset to sunrise. The night is equal to the day. From this Thursday on, the days will grow shorter until the winter solstice, December 21, when the days gradually begin to become longer.

The earth’s tilt on its axis explains this phenomenon. No one will know if you have to review how that works here.

A few weeks ago, Sarah suggested we examine the word day and related words, and this week seemed like a good time, what with equinoxes and nights and days and all.

Our word day and the Latin dies are not related. I know, right? Hard to believe, isn’t it? Day comes from an Old English root, whereas dies is thought to derive from the Indo-European *dyeu, meaning “to shine.”

Even more interesting are all the words springing from dies and its Indo-European root. I remember being surprised and impressed when a professor pointed out to us students the similarities among deus (god), Zeus, divine, deity, adieu, diva, and many others. Primitive people have the good sense to honor the sun, the thing that shines, because we depend on it for life. So, all those divine words have etymological connections to dies, the Latin word for “day.” In a more mundane sense, you encounter the Latin dies in phrases like “per diem”(by the day) and in Horace’s admonition “Carpe diem” (Seize the day). (That case ending “m” makes the word an object.)

Diet, the regimen that limits your daily calories, comes from Greek diaita, meaning “a way of life,” not the Latin dies. But linguists do link diet, as in the Diet of Worms in 1521, the big meeting which condemned Martin Luther, to both diaita and dies. Very confusing. Here’s a source, so you can study up yourself. Be prepared for a quiz.

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