Having a Moment

The other afternoon I had a moment — the good kind. I was chopping vegetables in the kitchen when a wave of contentment washed over me. I had an awareness that I have pretty much everything I need: the vegetables before me, the sharp knife, all the accoutrements of my American kitchen. Only a few steps behind me was a faucet that would endlessly pour forth clean water. My modest middle-class American life provides me more than most of the world’s people now or in all of human history could ask for.

Then I recalled all the doubts and questions that would sometimes plague me in my youth. Would I graduate from high school? From college? Would I get a job? Would I ever get a job I liked? Would I marry and have kids? Would I own a house? All these questions have been answered in the affirmative.

There I was, standing in my own kitchen, chopping vegetables for a soon-to-be delicious soup. I couldn’t believe my luck.

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The Things

I’ve never written about art and don’t know how to, but when a piece of art stops you up short and sends your mind off somewhere away from the gallery, it’s worth noting. That happened to me the other night at the opening of Terry Durst’s “The Carter Excavations” at Arts Collinwood Gallery.

Amy Sparks does know how to describe art, so I’ll quote what she once said about Terry’s work in The Free Times. “Durst uses rough and scarred found objects, recombining them in new, mostly formalistic relationships. Sculptural wall hangings, they hold power by the sum of their parts. There is a lovingness about these objects – castoffs that find new homes via Durst’s shepherding.”           

As I looked at Terry’s wall hangings, I was admiring and enjoying, but I was also thinking, verbalizing to myself about how so many of the pieces were in twos, for instance — two boxes together. I wasn’t feeling so much, though I was enjoying the objects’ beauty and puzzling over their meaning. Then I came to the large piece in the center of the room that looked (to me) sort of like a fence, called Exterior Wall.

When I saw that fence thing, I felt. I stopped and, and my mind went careening off somewhere else. Nostalgia is a cheap word for it: what I was feeling had to do with our attachment to objects in our lives. In the present [all these words for the feeling have come later, of course], we live with objects and get to know them intimately – their texture, their nicks and flaws and colors.

I’m aiming for this feeling when I write about my parents’ house in Missing. Here’s a passage where I’m describing how a hall closet in our house never seemed to change. It was a place that was never cleaned out, where nothing was ever thrown away.

The linen closet upstairs contained a dozen pairs of high-heeled shoes from the thirties and forties. In my lifetime, my mother suffered from corns and other foot ailments and wore big orthopedic shoes, of which she complained bitterly. I loved dressing up in her old fancy shoes, but I would have preferred to see her wear them herself. Shelves of the closet were filled with bottles and jars of old ointments and soaps and lotions, in addition to the sheets and towels stuffed onto shelves. I thought of this closet as a drugstore that could be raided for shoe polish, shoelaces, Vick’s Vaporub, conditioners, shampoos, permanents, hair rollers and clips. Stuff sat in that closet for years and years – if you reached in far enough, you could find whatever you wanted.

The nicks and chipped paint on Terry’s “Exterior Wall” made me think of all this. The things, the items surrounding you, the flaws and chips that you live with, that you notice but then stop noticing because they’re so much a part of your everyday life.

Donald Hall’s poem (The New Yorker, 1/4/10) called The Things, whose title I stole, gets at this also, I think. It’s not the artworks around his house, not the de Kooning painting he’s gazed at over the years, not the objets d’art, but just the objects. Little models of baseball players, a dead dog’s toy. The “trivial” things lying around are what his eyes return to.

When my dad died when I was 19, my first death, I was bewildered by how all his stuff remained behind. It seemed strange to me that his wheelchair sat empty in his room and that his pipes were still in the rack when he was no longer there to smoke them. I hated throwing away the old envelopes he jotted notes on, because they contained his handwriting.

I’ve often wished I had written down the titles of my parents’ books. The mantle held a few, and we had two other bookcases. The books on those shelves remained untouched for decades. I saw them every day. Richard Armour’s humor books. The Egg and I. The Thurber Carnival. Mark Schorer’s biography of Sinclair Lewis. Books of an era. I wish I had photographed them. They seemed unchanging, but, of course, now I know they weren’t.

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Stigmas, Statistics, and Borderline

“This is where the misconceptions stop. This is where bias comes to an end. This is where we change lives.”

These lines express the mission of BringChange2Mind, founded by Fountain House, a program in New York City that assists people who have mental illness, and the actress Glenn Close, whose sister Jessie suffers from bipolar disorder. The website provides information and guidance to patients with mental illness and their families.  Here’s a moving conversation with the Close sisters from Good Morning America: Glenn Close Speaks Out on Mental Illness.

The only connection I ever previously made between Glenn Close and mental illness was Fatal Attraction, her 1978 film. In my research about borderline personality disorder, I encountered many references to her character Alex Forrest. Alex often serves as the poster child for BPD, a kind of shorthand. You know, somebody who’s terrified of abandonment and will do anything to prevent it? Just like Glenn Close in Fatal Attraction!

Murderous and profoundly unsympathetic — she kills a bunny! — Alex Forrest is the very definition of “stigma.” Close owns up to this, at least regarding the movie’s ending, in this Huffington Post article. The actress is not responsible, of course, for the script or Adrian Lyne’s direction, nor for the decision to kill Alex off at the end. She’s guilty only of giving a memorably scary performance. And now she’s doing something meaningful to counteract the stereotypes we have of people with illnesses like Alex’s.

It interests me, though, that the website does not mention borderline personality but focuses instead on depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and post-traumatic stress disorder.  (On Facebook, the organization does have a discussion page, titled Forgiveness and BPD, on which I’ve posted.)

As I point out in my memoir Missing: Coming to Terms with a Borderline Mother, current statistics show that far more people suffer from BPD than more familiar mental illnesses. Estimates suggest that about 2%-6% of the U.S. population and about 20% of those hospitalized for mental illness have BPD. This is, conservatively, twice the number of diagnosed schizophrenics and about the same number of people with Alzheimer’s. At the same time, far fewer people know about BPD, and for those that do, the disorder carries a profound stigma.

I had no intention of de-stigmatizing BPD when I began writing about my mom. If anything, I was at first venting anger. But in the process of writing about the disorder and the suffering it entails, empathy and compassion began to make a dent in that anger. More education and information about BPD can counter the popular stereotypes and de-stigmatize this widespread and destructive illness.

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More on Movies

I’ve often complained to John (who else?) about movies that give short shrift to women characters: buddy movies or comedies or action films where the women are merely decorative, warmly supportive of their men, and/or sexually available at convenient times. They get no funny lines and have no particular personalities. Talented actresses are always complaining about this — so few meaningful roles. 

I argue that creating weak minor characters should go in the debit column when we’re evaluating a film. It’s the screenwriter’s and the director’s responsibility to make all the characters as interesting and individual as possible. Vapid, cardboard cutouts in the place of living breathing women weaken a film, but too often critics and viewers don’t seem to notice.

Two recent movies demonstrate what I mean by developing  secondary characters effectively. It can be done! George Clooney is the centerpiece of Up in the Air, but the two female supporting characters, played by Anna Kendrick and Vera Farmiga, get lots of screen time, and they’re funny and individualized and complicated. They help make the movie as entertaining and effective as it is.

Julie and Julia has, of course, two women characters at its center. Here the men take the supporting role. I would argue that in a typical popular film, where the men take center stage, their wives would be either treacly-submissive or witchy and unsympathetic. Nora Ephron’s screenplay (and, I assume Julie Powell’s book, though I haven’t read it) offers supportive spouses with amusing lines; they’re sympathetic, and they also have their own issues. This isn’t an art film with lots of complications, but these minor characters are beyond one-dimensional. They help make the movie partly about marriage. They’re not cliches, and male screenwriters could take a lesson from Ephron’s example.

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Ten “Bests”

The writer Kris Ohlson has been passing around this essay from The Washington Post, via email and her Facebook page, by Julianna Baggott, called “The Key to Literary Success? Be a Man — or Write Like One.”    Baggott points out that Publishers Weekly‘s list of the ten best books of 2009 contained no women writers. On the entire list of 100? Only 29 women. Baggott continues with something of a mea culpa: she herself, educated to favor male writers and male themes, disguised her gender under a pseudonym when she wrote a trilogy for young people.

The whole issue is just depressing. It’s irritating that Publishers Weekly responded to criticism of the list by saying that they weren’t striving for political correctness, as though (as Baggott says) that’s the only reason you’d consider women writers. I think it requires a conscious effort to be fair and inclusive, in a manner analogous to affirmative action. That is, if we’re aware that our default position is to “favor” (that is, notice) male themes and male writers (usually white ones), then we have to doublecheck our lists and our preferences to see that we’ve given women and minorities a fair shake.

I used to do this when, years ago, I chose all the books that our book group read. Like all the rest of Western culture, I’d unconsciously gravitate toward white male writers, and I’d check myself every now and then, seeking out a book by a woman or African-American writer. However misguided and cliche-ridden Black History Month may sometimes seem, it serves this good purpose — it makes us think about inclusivity. I’d say to myself,  “Okay, let’s read a good African-American novel this month,” when I may not have done so without the reminder.

On the film side, The Hurt Locker, directed by Kathryn Bigelow, is being included on many 2009 top-ten movie lists. It fits, in a way, the male-themed model, in that it’s an action movie about soldiers who disable explosive devices. But it also is a passionate anti-war film. Like many women, I’m avoiding this movie because I’m queasy about the violence, but I admire it from afar. My stereotypically female behavior — steering clear of violent movies — is another aspect of this whole problem. On most mainstream lists, Bigelow is the only woman listed, but when international films are considered, many women are popping up. For example, The Beaches of Agnes, a lovely film by Agnes Varda, shows up, as does The Headless Woman by Lucrecia Martel. (Both of which appeared at the Cleveland Institute of Art Cinematheque.)

Anyway, I had to compile a list of my favorite books of 2009 for the Plain Dealer. I didn’t pretend that they were the “best,” but they were the best I read last year. My list of ten included three women writers. It’s at least a better percentage than the Publishers Weekly top ten, but, sadly, about the same as their top 100. Here they are, along with my little blurbs. (None of these appeared in the final PD list.) Lynne Sharon Schwartz’s witty memoir, in my opinion, should have been on everyone’s 10 Best list.

  • Inside of a Dog: What Dogs See, Smell, and Know by Alexandra Horowitz

 A scientist and dog lover interprets the canine umwelt, that is, how the dog experiences the world, with affection but no sentimentality. (This would make a great book-group choice along with The Story of Edgar Sawtelle. If your group likes dogs.)

  • Not Now, Voyager: A Memoir by Lynne Sharon Schwartz

 The under-read novelist writes a wittily charming and elegant travel memoir, having admitted at the outset that she doesn’t really like to travel.  

  • Lies Will Take You Somewhere by Sheila Schwartz

Schwartz’s daring, suspenseful, and funny novel is made poignant by her untimely death just before its publication.

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About Borderline Personality Disorder

Until recently, experts estimated that two to three percent of Americans suffer from borderline personality disorder—over seven-million people. A recent study has upped the estimate to an astounding six percent. That would total around eighteen-million Americans, over three times the number of Alzheimer’s patients. (Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder occur in about one percent of the population.) When you factor in family members affected by the disease, the numbers are as high as thirty-million people or more.

So, it’s surprising that so few books about BPD are available. A shelf devoted to BPD would contain only a few dozen books, mostly targeted at professionals. Few are geared toward a popular audience, and even fewer are memoirs. Only two concern borderline parents. Books about depression, autism, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia, in contrast, fill the shelves of bookstores and libraries. When I began to connect my mother’s enigmatic, frustrating behavior with BPD, I read everything I could find hoping to understand her. Only two books—Surviving a Borderline Parent by Kimberlee Roth and Freda Friedman and Understanding the Borderline Mother: Helping Her Children Transcend the Intense, Unpredictable, and Volatile Relationship by Christine Ann Lawson—directly concerned the mother with BPD.

BPD is a frustratingly variable phenomenon. Certain symptoms, though, are hallmarks of the disorder. A person with BPD forms intense relationships and tries frantically to prevent the other person from abandoning her. (Three times as many women are diagnosed with BPD as men.) When that other idealized person inevitably falls short, the person with BPD suddenly reverses her high opinion—the other person is no longer loved, but despised. The person on whom they’re focusing all of their energies becomes either a devil or angel.

These extreme shifts show up in other borderline reactions. “Black-and-white thinking” causes sufferers to feel that they’re in more pain than anyone else in the world and that they’ll trust therapy only if it cures them completely—at which time they’ll be completely happy, like the people they imagine surround them. The emotions of people with BPD are erratic, and rage is common; it’s possible that many borderline men, diagnosed far less frequently than women, are incarcerated for violent crimes.

The term “borderline,” coined in 1938 by psychoanalyst Adolph Stern, describes a middle ground between neurosis and psychosis. Most experts trace borderline symptoms to a sense of emptiness and a lack of a strong sense of self—sometimes traceable to a childhood trauma such as abuse. (Some mental-health professionals consider BPD a manifestation of post-traumatic stress disorder.) Lacking a sense of self, the patient may also resort to impulsive activities, like spending irresponsibly or sexual acting out, to fill the void. She has difficulty feeling empathy.

Much of the literature presents BPD’s prognosis as dire. There’s hope in new therapies, however. Dr. Marsha Linehan, director of the Behavioral Research & Therapy Clinics at the University of Washington, has developed a promising treatment for BPD called Dialectical Behavior Therapy. She focuses on the inability to regulate emotion properly. The therapist must directly confront, in a caring and accepting manner, the patients’ emotions and dysfunctional behavior. Linehan’s compassionate approach involves reassuring patients that the therapist won’t abandon them and trying whenever possible to validate their feelings instead of contradicting them. Her approach also requires therapists to work together to share the stresses of their work and honestly to face their own frustrations and emotions.

Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, along with other innovative cognitive therapies and pharmaceutical research, is giving hope to those suffering with this painfully misunderstood and stigmatized disorder.

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